Skip to main content
NukeClock

Sources

Every source cited across NukeClock articles, explainers, and country profiles. All analysis on this site is grounded in publicly available data from established research institutions, government reports, and credible news organizations.

330 unique sources178 publishers109 citing pages
Official137Reporting40Analysis38Reference115

Global Firepower(14 sources)

GovInfo(12 sources)

Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists(9 sources)

Al Jazeera(8 sources)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(7 sources)

International Atomic Energy Agency(7 sources)

U.S. Senate(7 sources)

CNBC(6 sources)

NCSL(6 sources)

U.S. Department of Defense(6 sources)

Congress.gov(5 sources)

Encyclopaedia Britannica(5 sources)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency(5 sources)

U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission(5 sources)

BBC News(4 sources)

Congressional Research Service(4 sources)

Council on Foreign Relations(4 sources)

Federation of American Scientists(4 sources)

Iran War Updates(4 sources)

Nuclear Threat Initiative(4 sources)

Supreme Court of the United States(4 sources)

U.S. National Archives(4 sources)

Arms Control Association(3 sources)

FEMA(3 sources)

HHS Radiation Emergency Medical Management(3 sources)

NBC News(3 sources)

NPR(3 sources)

SIPRI(3 sources)

U.S. Department of State(3 sources)

Union of Concerned Scientists(3 sources)

United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs(3 sources)

World Health Organization(3 sources)

Bloomberg(2 sources)

CBS News(2 sources)

Center for Strategic and International Studies(2 sources)

CNN(2 sources)

Congressional Budget Office(2 sources)

Euronews(2 sources)

Federal Emergency Management Agency(2 sources)

FOIA.gov(2 sources)

Harvard University Press(2 sources)

Journal of Geophysical Research(2 sources)

National Security Archive, George Washington University(2 sources)

NATO(2 sources)

Pew Research Center(2 sources)

Ready.gov(2 sources)

Stockholm International Peace Research Institute(2 sources)

U.S. Courts(2 sources)

U.S. Department of Justice(2 sources)

U.S. Geological Survey(2 sources)

US Department of Defense(2 sources)

US Department of Energy(2 sources)

ABC News/FiveThirtyEight(1 source)

Air Force Magazine(1 source)

Air University Press(1 source)

Alfred A. Knopf(1 source)

Alfred A. Knopf / Kai Bird & Martin Sherwin(1 source)

AP-NORC(1 source)

Atomic Heritage Foundation / National Museum of Nuclear Science and History(1 source)

BBC(1 source)

BBC News Live(1 source)

Breaking Defense(1 source)

Brennan Center for Justice(1 source)

Britannica(1 source)

Brookings Institution(1 source)

Brown University Watson Institute(1 source)

Carnegie Endowment for International Peace(1 source)

CBC News(1 source)

CENTCOM(1 source)

CISA(1 source)

Clingendael Institute(1 source)

Committee for the Compilation of Materials on Damage Caused by the Atomic Bombs(1 source)

CSIS(1 source)

CTBTO(1 source)

Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency(1 source)

Da Capo Press(1 source)

Dutton / Penguin Random House(1 source)

EMP Commission / U.S. Congress(1 source)

Federal Election Commission(1 source)

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)(1 source)

Federal Register(1 source)

Foreign Affairs(1 source)

Fortune(1 source)

Fox News(1 source)

Free Law Project(1 source)

Gallup(1 source)

GAO(1 source)

HSToday(1 source)

International Institute for Strategic Studies(1 source)

Iran International(1 source)

Israel Hayom(1 source)

Jerusalem Post(1 source)

Jewish Virtual Library(1 source)

Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres / Rutgers(1 source)

Journal of Public Health Policy(1 source)

Knopf(1 source)

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory / DHS(1 source)

Los Alamos National Laboratory(1 source)

Merck Manual Professional Edition(1 source)

Middle East Eye(1 source)

Military.com(1 source)

Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India(1 source)

Ministry of External Affairs, India(1 source)

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China(1 source)

Missile Defense Agency(1 source)

Morocco World News(1 source)

NASA Technical Reports Server(1 source)

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine(1 source)

National Academies Press / NCBI(1 source)

National Constitution Center(1 source)

National Nuclear Security Administration(1 source)

Nature Food(1 source)

NOAA Air Resources Laboratory(1 source)

Norwich University(1 source)

Nuclear Secrecy / Alex Wellerstein(1 source)

Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI)(1 source)

Nuclear Weapon Archive / Carey Sublette(1 source)

NuclearDarkness.org / Steven Starr(1 source)

NukeClock(1 source)

NUKEMAP / Alex Wellerstein, Stevens Institute of Technology(1 source)

Oak Ridge National Laboratory / U.S. DOE(1 source)

Office of the Director of National Intelligence(1 source)

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory(1 source)

Penguin Press(1 source)

Physicians for Social Responsibility(1 source)

President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (PFIAB)(1 source)

Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF)(1 source)

RAND(1 source)

RAND Corporation(1 source)

Ready.gov / FEMA(1 source)

Reuters via SWI swissinfo.ch(1 source)

RFE/RL(1 source)

RTE(1 source)

RUSI(1 source)

Science Direct / Ecological Economics(1 source)

Science Magazine (TTAPS Study)(1 source)

Simon & Schuster(1 source)

Simon & Schuster / Richard Rhodes(1 source)

Smithsonian Magazine(1 source)

Stanford University Press(1 source)

The Conversation(1 source)

The Guardian(1 source)

The Soufan Center(1 source)

The Times of Israel(1 source)

The White House(1 source)

Times of Israel(1 source)

U.S. Air Force(1 source)

U.S. Congress(1 source)

U.S. Defense Security Cooperation Agency(1 source)

U.S. Department of Defense / Samuel Glasstone & Philip J. Dolan(1 source)

U.S. Department of Energy(1 source)

U.S. Department of Energy / OSTI(1 source)

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services(1 source)

U.S. Election Assistance Commission(1 source)

U.S. Food and Drug Administration(1 source)

U.S. House of Representatives(1 source)

U.S. Treasury OFAC(1 source)

United Against Nuclear Iran(1 source)

United Nations(1 source)

United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation(1 source)

US Central Command(1 source)

US Central Intelligence Agency(1 source)

US Congress(1 source)

US Department of Defense / Defense Threat Reduction Agency(1 source)

US Department of Defense / Department of Energy(1 source)

US Department of Energy / Office of Scientific and Technical Information(1 source)

US Department of State Office of the Historian(1 source)

US Energy Information Administration(1 source)

US Missile Defense Agency(1 source)

US Strategic Bombing Survey / Truman Library(1 source)

USA Today(1 source)

USA.gov(1 source)

USNI News(1 source)

War Power Israel(1 source)

White House OMB(1 source)

Whole Building Design Guide (U.S. federal program)(1 source)

Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars(1 source)

Ynet News(1 source)

About Our Sources

NukeClock relies on publicly available data from established institutions including the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), the Federation of American Scientists (FAS), the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Global Firepower, and major news organizations. All nuclear warhead figures, military data, and conflict assessments are sourced from these organizations and cited inline throughout our content. If you believe a source is incorrect or outdated, please contact us.

Source badges are inferred from publisher or domain and help distinguish official documents, major reporting, analytical research, and reference material at a glance.